Description #
In this lecture we will first review the basics sodium (Na), as well as how it is measured and how this can lead to spurious elevations and decreases in plasma concentration in those ions. We will also review the mechanism, clinical presentation and diagnostics for hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Next we will discuss pseudo hyponatremia, hyper lipemis, and how to rule out pseudo hyponatremia. We will then cover direct sodium determination, hyperglycemia, antidiuretic hormones, urine osmolality, urine sodium, central pontine myelinolysis, pure water loss, loss and gain of hypotonic fluid, and diabetes insipidus.
Learning Objectives #
- List causes of hyper- and hypogammaglobulinemia
- Name several diseases/conditions that are associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum
- Order and interpret results for protein electrophoresis.
Disturbances In Plasma Sodium Lecture Video by Dr.Daniel T. Holmes, MD #
You can also find the lecture slides here.